Microphone is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or electrical signal.

1. Most microphones today use electromagnetic induction, capacitance change , piezoelectric generation, or light modulation to produce an electrical voltage signal from mechanical vibration.
2. The sensitive transducer element of a microphone is called its element or capsule. A complete microphone also includes a housing
3. RF condenser microphones use a comparatively low RF voltage, generated by a low-noise oscillator.
4. Condenser microphones span the range from telephone transmitters through inexpensive karaoke microphones to high-fidelity recording microphones.
5. An electron microphone is a relatively new type of capacitor microphone invented at Bell laboratories in 1962 by Gerhard Sessile and Jim West.
6. Dynamic microphones work via electromagnetic induction. They are robust, relatively inexpensive and resistant to moisture.
7. A carbon microphone, also known as a carbon button microphone (or sometimes just a button microphone), use a capsule or button containing carbon granules pressed between two metal plates like the Berliner and Edison microphones
8. A crystal microphone or Pietro microphone uses the phenomenon of piezoelectric — the ability of some materials to produce a voltage when subjected to pressure — to convert vibrations into an electrical signal.
9. A fiber optic microphone converts acoustic waves into electrical signals by sensing changes in light intensity, instead of sensing changes in capacitance